New Mexico State University
College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences | ACES
NMSU: Selected Plants of Navajo Rangelands

Selected Plants of Navajo Rangelands

Take care of our Navajo Rangelands

Glossary

Navajo Nation/Diné Bikéyah
Covers 27,425 square miles in northeastern Arizona, southeastern Utah, and northwestern New Mexico.
Navajo people have strong family bonds and enjoy a rich cultural, spiritual, and daily life, often based on small-scale farming and ranching. These human strengths, traditional lifestyles, knowledge, values, and resources are the foundation of the Navajo people (Diné)

Rangeland
Open country or woodland used for grazing animals

Introduced
A plant growing outside its historical range

Invasive
A plant that tends to spread beyond its historical range, often in response to disturbance

Noxious
A plant that is particularly troublesome.

Official definition from USDA APHIS
Any plant or plant product that can directly or indirectly injure or cause damage to crops..., livestock, poultry or other interests of agriculture, irrigation, navigation, the natural resources of the United States, the public health, or the environment.
For more information about introduced, invasive, and noxious plants of the U.S.:
https://plants.usda.gov/java/noxiousDriver#invasive

Toxic/Poisonous:
When eaten or touched, may cause harm or death.
A poisonous or toxic plant may be harmful or fatal to some animals and not to others, or it may be harmful only at certain quantities or when eaten in combination with certain other plants. Some are only toxic at certain times of the year or at a certain growing stage of the plant. Stress from drought, freezing, or physical damage can also sometimes cause certain plants to be poisonous.

Annual plants:
A plant that lives for one year, during which it completes its life cycle.

Biennial plants:
A plant that grows for two years, producing its fruit and seed in the second year.

Perennial plants:
A plant that lives for three years or more. This includes plants that live just a few years and those that live many, many years.

Cool season plants:
Plants which begin growth early in the spring and make most of their growth during the cool weather of spring and early fall. Examples are western wheatgrass and Indian ricegrass.

Warm season plants:
Plants which begin growth and make most of their growth during the hot summer months. Examples are blue grama and sand dropseed.


Navajo Endangered Species List Definitions

from the Navajo Nation Division of Natural Resources Department of Fish and Wildlife

Group 1:
Those species or subspecies that no longer occur on the Navajo Nation.

GROUP 2 (G2) & GROUP 3 (G3):
"Endangered" - Any species or subspecies whose prospects of survival or recruitment within the Navajo Nation are in jeopardy or are likely within the foreseeable future to become so.

Group 4:
Any species or subspecies for which the Navajo Nation Department of Fish and Wildlife NNDFW does not currently have sufficient information to support their being listed in G2 or G3 but has reason to consider them. The NNDFWL will actively seek information on these species to determine if they warrant inclusion in a different group or removal from the list.


Habitat Types

Brushlands:
Dominated by shrubs and bushes, such as sagebrush, four-winged saltbush, blackbrush, greasewood, etc.

Grasslands:
Mainly grassy; may include occasional shrubs, bushes, trees, or cacti.

Piñon-Juniper Woodland:
Patchy forested area of mainly shorter trees. May also include shrubs and grasses.

Ponderosa Pine / Mixed Conifer:
Fully developed forest dominated by tall trees. May also include shrubs and grasses.

River valleys:
Area around a watercourse, which may include sections dominated by grasses, trees, shrubs or wetland plants.

Wastelands:
Barren or disturbed areas of sparse or weedy vegetation; may include previously cultivated land.


Plant Terms

Stem
Supports a plant above ground and connects roots to leaves.

Node
Growth point along a plant's stem, often where a leaf stalk connects.

Prostrate
A plant whose branches lie directly on the ground or just above it.

Upright
A plant that grows more or less vertically.

Rhizomes
Underground stems that put out shoots and roots.

Stolons
Creeping stems that can root into the ground.


Related to stems:


Related to leaves:


Related to grasses:


Related to flowers:

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Individual photographers retain all rights to their images.
Partially funded by the Western Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program (westernsare.org; 435.797.2257), project EW15-023.
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